Avaliação da implementação de uma usina de energia eólica offshore

Abstract

This work analyzes the technical and environmental feasibility of implementing offshore wind power plants, focusing on the Hornsea One offshore plant, located in the North Sea. The study is based on the growing need for alternatives to fossil fuels, as evidenced by the Club of Rome's "Limits to Growth" report (1972), which warned about the depletion of natural resources and its environmental consequences. The research explores how offshore wind power can contribute to the diversification of the energy matrix, especially in African countries, where growing energy demand requires sustainable solutions. The methodology used is exploratory and descriptive, based on a literature review of scientific articles and technical reports. Data on meteorological and geotechnical conditions at Hornsea One demonstrate a favorable environment for power generation, with wind speeds of 12 m/s and soil stability suitable for turbine installation. However, the research also identified technical challenges, such as installation and maintenance in adverse conditions, and environmental challenges, including impacts on marine wildlife and noise pollution. The results indicate that, despite the challenges, the implementation of offshore wind farms is a viable option that can mitigate dependence on fossil fuels and reduce environmental pollution. The research concludes with recommendations for the development of innovative technologies and the engagement of local communities, ensuring an energy transition that respects the environment and promotes public acceptance.