Análise geomorfológica da bacia hidrográfica do rio Púnguè com o auxílio do ArcGis

Abstract

The knowledge of the geomorphological characteristics of a watershed is of great importance for its hydrological behavior, such as understanding the processes that control the movement of water and the impacts of land use changes on water quantity and quality. This research analyzes the geomorphology of the Púnguè River watershed. Its objectives are to estimate physical parameters, present geological parameters related to the geological era, soil types, land use and land cover, and illustrate vegetation parameters related to the types of vegetation cover in the Púnguè River watershed. The ArcGIS software was used with a database of IIAM, CENACARTA and USGS earthxplorer for mapping of physical parameters, geological maps, soils, and land cover in the Púnguè River watershed. The results of the physical parameters are as follows: drainage area of 28,999.383 km², axial length of the watershed of 310 km, main river length of 400 km, form factor of 0.38, roughness index of 0.3, bifurcation ratio of 4, river density of 0.007 channels/km, drainage density of 0.4 km/km², sinuosity of 1.3, and an altimetric range of 1950 m. The river hierarchy of the Púnguè River basin is of the 4th order.The results of geology, soil, land use and land cover, and vegetation type are as follows: The dominant geological era in the basin is the Jurassic (66.31%), characterized by sedimentary rocks such as limestone, claystone, and sandstone. Sandy soils are predominant in the basin, with various variations such as yellowish, reddish, and brownish sandy soils. The results of the land use analysis in the watershed highlight the presence of Water Bodies (0.23%) and Exposed Soil (30.27%), as well as the importance of Healthy Vegetation (8.54%) and Soft Vegetation (53.74%) in conservation and water supply. The diversity of vegetation types, with emphasis on 'Medium Open Forest or Grassland' (19.66%) and 'Gallery Forest and High Forest' (10.78%),