Estudo de contaminantes emergentes em águas superficiais e mecanismos controladores de qualidade de água da cidade de Chókwè

Abstract

There has been much discussion recently about emerging contaminants and their adverse effects on human and environmental health. Sewage is one of the main entry points for these contaminants and is a repository of major pollutants that reach water bodies. Every day, numerous chemical compounds are released into the aquatic environment as a result of various anthropogenic activities. Therefore, it is important to be prepared to deal with the agents that cause acute or chronic diseases and to understand the influence of emerging contaminants on human health, in the current and future world, with a view to implementing strategies to remove or eliminate them from the environment. The Chókwè District is one of the largest districts where agriculture is practiced on a large scale, and with its development, the chemical substances produced are greater and, consequently, there is the production of numerous chemical compounds (emerging contaminants) that result from this practice. Therefore, there is a need to pay special attention to these emerging contaminants, which led to water analyses being carried out at the four sampling points (drainage, lake, river and canal), with the aim of determining the main contaminants present in this water. Laboratory analyses were carried out to assess water quality, with emphasis on microbiological analyses to determine total coliforms, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli (E-coli). Chemical analyses were also carried out to determine organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides. The results obtained indicate values ​​above the maximum permitted values, according to Ministerial Decree No. 180/2004, of 15 September, through the MISAU at all sampling points for microbiological analyses, and no pesticides were detected, probably due to the low detection limit of the instruments used. In this sense, a set of actions and special protection measures must be implemented in this region, protecting the water in these systems so as not to allow the emergence of emerging contaminants at these points. These actions necessarily involve raising socio-environmental awareness among local authorities and the population, with the implementation of appropriate monitoring measures(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)