Aspectos clínico-patológicos e terapêuticos de melanoma maligno e carcinoma de células escamosas orais diagnosticados em cães

Abstract

Oral neoplasms in dogs account for approximately 5 to 7.2% of neoplasms that occur in this population. species. Among the neoplasms that occur in the oral cavity, malignant melanoma is the most common oral neoplasm. most frequent, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Both neoplasms are malignant and the The treatment of choice is surgery with or without radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. In the case of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, maxillectomy and mandibuloectomy are the main therapies used. The present work aimed to describe the clinical-pathological aspects and therapeutics of malignant melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in dogs. The study was carried out at the veterinary surgery and diagnostic clinic, where two animals were selected patients with oral neoplasms. Both patients were male and intact, patient 1 (P1) was of Golden retriever breed, 13 years old and 16 kg. He presented halitosis, sialorrhea, facial swelling and difficulties eating for a week. Patient 2 (P2): French bulldog, 6 years old and 15kg, complaining of facial swelling. The hematologic examination of (P1) revealed anemia and lymphopenia while (P2) presented normal parameters. The biochemical examination of both patients showed parameters normal. (P1) was not subjected to radiographic examination, while (P2) did not reveal bone lysis. to the radiographic examination. On specific examination, (P1) presented slight facial swelling and pain on palpation in the maxillary region, presenting between the 1st and 2nd upper left premolar a mass measuring 4 cm x 2.5 cm, blackened, multinodular appearance, with irregular surface, with areas of necrosis and ulceration superficial, and firm to the cut. O (P2): presented exophytic mass with 2 cm in diameter in the region rostral of the mandible, affecting two incisor teeth, with a smooth surface, pink coloration and firm consistency when cut. The procedure performed was surgical, with removal of the nodule for (P1) and unilateral rostral mandibuloectomy for (P2), as the sole treatment. The removed parts surgically were sent to the Pathological Anatomy Section of the Veterinary School (P1) and to the University of Pretoria (P2). The definitive diagnosis was: (P1) malignant melanoma and (P2) grade IV poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. (P1) presented himself at the stage III, with a poor prognosis while (P2) in stage II and with a good prognosis. THE early diagnosis, correct classification and clinical staging are of great importance for the establishment of a favorable prognosis for oral neoplasms.( TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)